Flow · Union government → Goods & services
The Centre's spending on public services
Value in 2023-24
₹9.51 lakh crore
3.3% of GDP
Gross flows can exceed GDP. GDP counts only final output once; the map also shows the inputs firms buy from each other and the money that passes through financial markets.
What it is
What the Union government spends on public services, including defence, administration and free food grain, counted as government final consumption expenditure. The Centre/State split of the total is estimated.
Related series (covers 17.2% of this flow)
Food subsidy (free grain)
SAM 2023-24: 0.56% of GDP
Checked against the 2023-24 SAM: the series differs, and the difference is explained. The SAM books GFCE on free grain (C2a food_subsidy on the grain rows), not the cash subsidy: the Statement 7 subsidy also pays FCI costs outside grain GFCE (plan C6). The cell C_CROP <- G_CEN C2a food_subsidy is the SUT's GFCE on the grain row, 1,63,971.75, fixed (government-21), so balancing does not move it; the whole residual is this concept difference (cross-checks in government-21 / TAX-11: FA 2408.01.102 1,84,468.93, FC16 Union food 2,30,755.71).
What is inside
The entries that make up this flow, largest first.
| Item | Value | Label |
|---|---|---|
| Government consumption, Centre and States (C2a) Before → after balancing: ₹7.89 lakh crore → ₹7.18 lakh crore (−9.0%) Why it moved: explained. Explained. C_PADM <- G_CEN C2a total, 7,89,195 -> 7,18,180 (-71,016, -9.0%; z 0.910; free medium; binding: gov.c2.total (target 31,21,027, balanced 31,21,028, at its upper edge); gov.c2a.centre_own_output (target 8,74,27… Held by: GFCE (all C2a entries) = NAS 1.14 GG FCE within Rs 1 crore (the SUT total differs by Rs 0.23 crore); Centre own-output GFCE = F4b institutional key x SUT own-output GFCE, +-10% (the key assumes non-CE costs proportional to CE; stops balancing from moving lakhs between levels); SUT 2023-24 Use-table GFCE column for C_PADM (1 SUT cell(s); 0 = no such use) | ₹7.18 lakh crore | Set by balancing |
| Government consumption, Centre and States (C2a · food_subsidy) Held by: GFCE (all C2a entries) = NAS 1.14 GG FCE within Rs 1 crore (the SUT total differs by Rs 0.23 crore) | ₹1.64 lakh crore | Derived |
| Government consumption, Centre and States (C2a) Before → after balancing: ₹51,554 crore → ₹44,249 crore (−14.2%) Why it moved: explained. Explained. C_EDUC <- G_CEN C2a total, 51,554 -> 44,249 (-7,305, -14.2%; z 0.858; free medium; binding: gov.c2.total (target 31,21,027, balanced 31,21,028, at its upper edge); gov.c2a.centre_own_output (target 8,74,272, b… Held by: GFCE (all C2a entries) = NAS 1.14 GG FCE within Rs 1 crore (the SUT total differs by Rs 0.23 crore); Centre own-output GFCE = F4b institutional key x SUT own-output GFCE, +-10% (the key assumes non-CE costs proportional to CE; stops balancing from moving lakhs between levels); SUT 2023-24 Use-table GFCE column for C_EDUC (1 SUT cell(s); 0 = no such use) | ₹44,249 crore | Set by balancing |
| Government consumption, Centre and States (C2a) Before → after balancing: ₹19,118 crore → ₹16,443 crore (−14.0%) Why it moved: explained. Explained. C_HLTH <- G_CEN C2a total, 19,118 -> 16,443 (-2,675, -14.0%; z 0.860; free medium; binding: gov.c2.total (target 31,21,027, balanced 31,21,028, at its upper edge); gov.c2a.centre_own_output (target 8,74,272, b… Held by: GFCE (all C2a entries) = NAS 1.14 GG FCE within Rs 1 crore (the SUT total differs by Rs 0.23 crore); Centre own-output GFCE = F4b institutional key x SUT own-output GFCE, +-10% (the key assumes non-CE costs proportional to CE; stops balancing from moving lakhs between levels) | ₹16,443 crore | Set by balancing |
| Government consumption, Centre and States (C2a) Before → after balancing: ₹14,404 crore → ₹7,973 crore (−44.6%) Why it moved: explained. Explained. C_CNST <- G_CEN C2a total, 14,404 -> 7,973 (-6,431, -44.6%; z 0.554; free low; binding: gov.c2.total (target 31,21,027, balanced 31,21,028, at its upper edge); gov.c2a.centre_own_output (target 8,74,272, balan… Held by: GFCE (all C2a entries) = NAS 1.14 GG FCE within Rs 1 crore (the SUT total differs by Rs 0.23 crore); Centre own-output GFCE = F4b institutional key x SUT own-output GFCE, +-10% (the key assumes non-CE costs proportional to CE; stops balancing from moving lakhs between levels); SUT 2023-24 Use-table GFCE column for C_CNST (1 SUT cell(s); 0 = no such use) | ₹7,973 crore | Set by balancing |
Sources
- Supply and Use Tables 2022-23 and 2023-24 (base 2022-23)National Accounts Division, NSO, MoSPI. Table Use Table 2023-24. Retrieved 2026-09-29.
- National Accounts Statistics 2026 (new base 2022-23), per-statement XLSXNational Accounts Division, NSO, MoSPI. Table Statement 4.1, Statement 8.15.1. Retrieved 2026-09-29.
- Union Government Finance Accounts, Appropriation Accounts and Accounts at a Glance (audited)Controller General of Accounts (audited by C&AG). Table Finance Accounts 2023-24, Appendix to Statement No. 9 (IGAS-2), Finance Accounts 2023-24, Statement No. 9. Retrieved 2026-09-29.
- State Finances: A Study of Budgets of 2025-26Reserve Bank of India. Table Appendix II. Retrieved 2026-09-29.Link withheld until RBI grants permission (ISSUES P1-9)