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India's Economy as a Working ModelIndia's Economy

India's economy, as money flowing between people, firms, governments and the world.

India's GDP in 2023-24

₹290.73 lakh crore

Everything produced in the year, each thing counted once.

Each ₹100 of household income

  • Goods and services₹66.8Official total · split estimated
  • Saving₹24.0Official total · split set by balancing
  • Income tax₹3.3Set by balancing
  • Interest and finance₹3.1Set by balancing
  • Sent abroad₹0.4Official total · split estimated
  • Other to government₹0.1Set by balancing
  • Not allocated₹2.3Derived total · split estimated

GST and other taxes on purchases are inside goods and services. “Not allocated” is a gap in the published accounts.

Follow the money: three stories

The map

Each band is money paid by one group to another in 2023-24. Its width is its size as a share of GDP, so wider means more. Select a group or a band to see what it is, how big it is and where the numbers come from.

Ticks mark years where a series changes base, source or definition. The green mark is 2023-24, the year with the complete map.

Arrow keys move between groups, Enter opens details, + and − zoom, L lists a group's flows.

Producers pays Rest of the world: Imports, ₹69.47 lakh crore, 23.9% of GDP, Official totalProducers pays Wages, mixed income and profits: Wages, mixed income and operating surplus, ₹264.63 lakh crore, 91.0% of GDP, Official total · split estimatedProducers pays Taxes: Taxes on products and production, ₹34.73 lakh crore, 11.9% of GDP, Set by balancingProducers pays Taxes a negative amount: Product and production subsidies, ₹8.63 lakh crore, 3.0% of GDP, Official. Drawn reversedRest of the world pays Producers: Exports, ₹64.79 lakh crore, 22.3% of GDP, Official totalRest of the world pays Wages, mixed income and profits: Pay earned from abroad, ₹62,344 crore, 0.21% of GDP, OfficialRest of the world pays Households: Remittances received, ₹9.83 lakh crore, 3.4% of GDP, Official total · split estimatedRest of the world pays Companies: Income from abroad to companies, ₹1.36 lakh crore, 0.47% of GDP, Set by balancingRest of the world pays Banks and financial institutions: Income from abroad to financial firms, ₹1.44 lakh crore, 0.49% of GDP, Set by balancingRest of the world pays Saving and investment: Current-account deficit (foreign saving), ₹2.09 lakh crore, 0.72% of GDP, Official totalWages, mixed income and profits pays Households: Income earned by households, ₹192.46 lakh crore, 66.2% of GDP, Derived total · split set by balancingWages, mixed income and profits pays Companies: Companies' operating surplus, ₹57.86 lakh crore, 19.9% of GDP, Derived totalWages, mixed income and profits pays Banks and financial institutions: Financial firms' operating surplus, ₹10.87 lakh crore, 3.7% of GDP, Official total · split set by balancingWages, mixed income and profits pays Union government: The Centre's operating surplus (depreciation), ₹1.17 lakh crore, 0.40% of GDP, Set by balancingWages, mixed income and profits pays States and local bodies: States' operating surplus (depreciation), ₹2.59 lakh crore, 0.89% of GDP, Set by balancingHouseholds pays Producers: Household consumption, ₹164.16 lakh crore, 56.5% of GDP, Official total · split estimatedHouseholds pays Rest of the world: Money sent abroad by households, ₹99,912 crore, 0.34% of GDP, Official total · split estimatedHouseholds pays Banks and financial institutions: Households' interest and insurance premiums, ₹7.50 lakh crore, 2.6% of GDP, Set by balancingHouseholds pays Taxes: Income tax paid by households, ₹8.18 lakh crore, 2.8% of GDP, Set by balancingHouseholds pays Saving and investment: Household saving, ₹58.90 lakh crore, 20.3% of GDP, Official total · split set by balancingHouseholds pays Discrepancies and reconciliation items: Household residual (published discrepancy), ₹5.71 lakh crore, 2.0% of GDP, Derived total · split estimatedCompanies pays Rest of the world: Company income paid abroad, ₹4.68 lakh crore, 1.6% of GDP, Set by balancingCompanies pays Households: Dividends, distributed income and pensions from companies, ₹7.78 lakh crore, 2.7% of GDP, Set by balancingCompanies pays Banks and financial institutions: Companies' interest, dividends and premiums to financial firms, ₹10.77 lakh crore, 3.7% of GDP, Set by balancingCompanies pays Taxes: Taxes paid by companies, ₹9.65 lakh crore, 3.3% of GDP, Set by balancingCompanies pays Union government: Dividends and resource rents to the Centre, ₹1.26 lakh crore, 0.43% of GDP, Set by balancingCompanies pays States and local bodies: Royalties, interest and dividends to the States, ₹1.40 lakh crore, 0.48% of GDP, Set by balancingCompanies pays Saving and investment: Company saving, ₹28.73 lakh crore, 9.9% of GDP, OfficialBanks and financial institutions pays Rest of the world: Financial firms' income paid abroad, ₹2.13 lakh crore, 0.73% of GDP, Set by balancingBanks and financial institutions pays Households: Interest, insurance and pension income from financial firms, ₹21.89 lakh crore, 7.5% of GDP, Set by balancingBanks and financial institutions pays Companies: Financial firms' interest and claims paid to companies, ₹4.42 lakh crore, 1.5% of GDP, Set by balancingBanks and financial institutions pays Taxes: Taxes paid by financial firms, ₹1.80 lakh crore, 0.62% of GDP, EstimatedBanks and financial institutions pays Union government: RBI surplus, dividends and interest to the Centre, ₹1.34 lakh crore, 0.46% of GDP, EstimatedBanks and financial institutions pays Saving and investment: Financial firms' saving, ₹9.91 lakh crore, 3.4% of GDP, Official total · split set by balancingTaxes pays Union government: Union taxes, before sharing with the States, ₹35.31 lakh crore, 12.1% of GDP, Set by balancingTaxes pays Union government a negative amount: Subsidies paid by the Centre, ₹2.71 lakh crore, 0.93% of GDP, Set by balancing. Drawn reversedTaxes pays States and local bodies: Taxes kept by the States, ₹16.77 lakh crore, 5.8% of GDP, Set by balancingTaxes pays States and local bodies a negative amount: Subsidies paid by the States, ₹3.63 lakh crore, 1.2% of GDP, Set by balancing. Drawn reversedUnion government pays Producers: The Centre's spending on public services, ₹9.51 lakh crore, 3.3% of GDP, Set by balancingUnion government pays Households: The Centre's payments to households, ₹5.75 lakh crore, 2.0% of GDP, Set by balancingUnion government pays Companies: The Centre's grants and interest to companies, ₹50,043 crore, 0.17% of GDP, Set by balancingUnion government pays Banks and financial institutions: The Centre's interest to financial firms, ₹7.44 lakh crore, 2.6% of GDP, Set by balancingUnion government pays States and local bodies: Devolution, grants and other transfers to the States, ₹17.45 lakh crore, 6.0% of GDP, DerivedUnion government pays Saving and investment a negative amount: The Centre's negative gross saving (dissaving), ₹4.27 lakh crore, 1.5% of GDP, Set by balancing. Drawn reversedStates and local bodies pays Producers: States' spending on public services, ₹21.70 lakh crore, 7.5% of GDP, Set by balancingStates and local bodies pays Households: States' pensions and cash transfers, ₹8.02 lakh crore, 2.8% of GDP, Set by balancingStates and local bodies pays Banks and financial institutions: States' interest to financial firms, ₹3.77 lakh crore, 1.3% of GDP, Set by balancingStates and local bodies pays Saving and investment: States' saving, ₹1.09 lakh crore, 0.37% of GDP, Set by balancingSaving and investment pays Producers: Investment spending, ₹100.31 lakh crore, 34.5% of GDP, EstimatedDiscrepancies and reconciliation items pays Rest of the world: Import reconciliation item (not a payment), ₹2.12 lakh crore, 0.73% of GDP, Official totalDiscrepancies and reconciliation items pays Saving and investment: Saving-investment errors and omissions, ₹3.59 lakh crore, 1.2% of GDP, Estimated

Tap a group to see the money flowing in and out of it.

Gross flows can exceed GDP. GDP counts only final output once; the map also shows the inputs firms buy from each other and the money that passes through financial markets.

10 flows are too thin to draw; they are in the list and the table.